U.S. House votes to place limits on judiciary

Yahoo headlined this story “House votes to keep ‘under God’ in pledge,” but that’s not accurate. The House passed a bill (H.R. 2389, the “Pledge Protection Act of 2005,” on a vote of 260-167) which prohibits the courts from hearing challenges to the presence of “under God” in the pledge of allegiance, which strikes me as an unconstitutional action by the Congress. (Congress does have the power in Article I, Section 8 “To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court” and “To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof,” which gives them at least some powers of regulation (to the extent that it is “necessary and proper”) over the courts. But circumscribing the topics which the Supreme Court can address would seem to me to be something only the Constitution can do. Any constitutional scholars care to comment? Missouri Rep. Todd Akin is quoted in the story saying, “We’re creating a fence. The fence goes around the federal judiciary. We’re doing that because we don’t trust them." Yet it’s Congress, more than the courts, that can’t be trusted to be remotely responsible, rational, respectful of the Constitution, or of the people. We’d be much better off putting a fence around the Congress, such as by ending the First Amendment after the fifth word. “Under God” was added to the pledge of allegiance by act of Congress in 1954 for explicitly religious reasons (to distinguish the U.S. from the godless communists in the Soviet Union), and the U.S. Supreme Court avoided making a ruling on the issue in Michael Newdow’s case by throwing the case out on a technicality–the issue of standing, since he didn’t have custody of his daughter. He’s currently pursuing the case through the courts again with other plaintiffs. All but one of Arizona’s Republican Representatives signed on as sponsors of the House bill: Trent Franks, Jeff Flake, J.D. Hayworth, Rick Renzi, John Shadegg. The one Republican exception was Jim Kolbe (R); the two Arizona Democrats, Raul Grijalva and Ed Pastor, did not. I suspect their voting went along these same lines. The Senate version of this bill is S. 1046, introduced by Arizona Senator Jon Kyl. While the House bill attracted 197 sponsors, the Senate bill has only attracted 16 and Senator John McCain is not among them. The Senate bill is stalled out in the Judiciary Committee.

July 19, 2006 · 2 min

Arizona Senators on the Flag Desecration Amendment

Both John McCain and Jon Kyl voted in favor of the desecration of the Constitution, but it failed by just one vote. We have an opportunity this year to get rid of Kyl. We should take it. (Arizona’s Representatives voted much more honorably.)

June 28, 2006 · 1 min

Broadcast and audio flags, learn from history

The recording and movie industries want to force a “broadcast flag” and “audio flag” into TV and radio transmissions, and require all electronic manufacturers to enforce these flags to prohibit unauthorized copying and redistribution of such content. These flags have been entered into Sen. Stevens’ telecom reform bill, and Sen. Sununu has a proposed amendment to take them out. This issue is being discussed in committee today, so if you’ve got a Senator on this list, call them today and ask them to support the Sununu amendment to remove both flags from the bill (there’s a separate Sununu amendment that only removes the audio flag): Chairman Ted Stevens (AK), (202) 224-3004 John McCain (AZ), (202) 224-2235 Conrad Burns (MT), Main: 202-224-2644 Trent Lott (MS), (202) 224-6253 Kay Bailey Hutchison (TX), (202) 224-5922 Gordon H. Smith (OR), (202) 224 3753 John Ensign (NV), (202) 224-6244 George Allen (VA), (202) 224-4024 John E. Sununu (NH), (202) 224-2841 Jim DeMint (SC), (202) 224-6121 David Vitter (LA),(202) 224-4623 Co-Chairman Daniel K. Inouye (HI), (202) 224-3934 John D. Rockefeller (WV), (202) 224-6472 John F. Kerry (MA), (202) 224-2742 Barbara Boxer (CA), (202) 224-3553 Bill Nelson (FL), (202) 224-5274 Maria Cantwell (WA), (202) 224-3441 Frank R. Lautenberg (NJ), (202) 224-3224 E. Benjamin Nelson (NE), (202) 224-6551 Mark Pryor (AR), (202) 224-2353The Consumer Electronics Association has a new advertisement out that shows the lunacy of the arguments for these flags based on the past record of these industries crying wolf about the dangers of new technology: “I forsee a marked deterioration in American music…and a host of other injuries to music in its artistic manifestations, by virtue—or rather by vice—of the multiplication of the various music-reproducing machines…” -John Philip Sousa on the Player Piano (1906)“The public will not buy songs that it can hear almost at will by a brief manipulation of the radio dials.” -Record Label Executive on FM Radio (1925) ...

June 22, 2006 · 2 min

Information Security Index

This post is an index to posts at The Lippard Blog on the subject of information security. This is probably not a complete list; I’ve tended to exclude posts labeled “security” that don’t specifically touch on information security and may have over-excluded. “Richard Bejtlich reviews Extreme Exploits” (August 16, 2005) Link to Richard Bejtlich review of Extreme Exploits, a book I was the technical editor on. “Sony’s DRM–not much different from criminal hacking” (November 2, 2005) Summary and link to Mark Russinovich’s exposure of the Sony rootkit DRM. “Defending Against Botnets” (November 3, 2005) Link to my presentation on this subject at Arizona State University. “Sony DRM class action lawsuits” (November 10, 2005) Comment on the Sony rootkit class action lawsuits. “Another Botnet Talk” (December 11, 2005) Comment on my December botnet talk for Phoenix InfraGard, with links to past botnet presentations. “Major flaw in Diebold voting machines” (December 23, 2005) A flaw that allows preloading votes on a memory card for Diebold voting machines in an undetectible way. “The Windows Meta File (WMF) exploit” (January 3, 2006) Description of an at-the-time unresolved Windows vulnerability. “New Internet consumer protection tool–SiteAdvisor.com” (January 25, 2006) Report on SiteAdvisor.com tool (now a McAfee product). “Pushing Spyware through Search” (January 28, 2006) Ben Edelman’s work on how Google is connected to spyware by accepting paid advertising from companies that distribute it. “Database error causes unbalanced budget” (February 17, 2006) How a house in Indiana was incorrectly valued at $400 million due to a single-keystroke error, leading to wrongly increased budgets and distribution of funds on the expectation of property tax revenue. “The Security Catalyst podcast” (February 18, 2006) Announcement of Michael Santarcangelo’s security podcast. “Controversial hacker publishes cover story in Skeptical Inquirer” (February 19, 2006) Critique of Carolyn Meinel’s article about information warfare. “Even more serious Diebold voting machine flaws” (May 14, 2006) Hurst report on new major flaws found in Diebold voting machines. “Botnet interview on the Security Catalyst podcast” (May 23, 2006) Link to part I of my interview on botnets with Michael Santarcangelo. “Part II of Botnets Interview” (June 4, 2006) Link to part II of my botnets interview. "‘Banner farms’ and spyware" (June 12, 2006) Ben Edelman’s exposure of Hula Direct’s “banner farms” used to deliver ads via spyware. “When private property becomes the commons” (June 12, 2006) Consumer PCs as Internet “commons,” economics and information security. “Network security panel in Boston area” (June 12, 2006) Announcement of a public speaking gig. “Identity Crisis: How Identification is Overused and Misunderstood” (July 6, 2006) Quotation from Tim Lee review of book by Jim Harper with this title. “9th Circuit approves random warrantless searches and seizures of laptops” (July 28, 2006) Bad decision granting border police the right to perform full forensic examination of the hard drives of laptops carried by people wanting to cross the U.S. border. “Is it worth shutting down botnet controllers?" (August 18, 2006) A response to remarks by Gadi Evron and Paul Vixie that it is no longer worth shutting down botnet controllers. “The ineffectiveness of TRUSTe” (September 29, 2006) A larger proportion of sites with TRUSTe certification are marked as untrustworthy in SiteAdvisor’s database than of those that don’t have TRUSTe certification. “The U.S. no-fly list is a joke” (October 5, 2006) The no-fly list has major flaws, listing people who aren’t a threat and not listing people who are–and presuming that terrorists will be identifiable by their names. “How planespotting uncovered CIA torture flights” (October 20, 2006) How an unusual hobby allowed for traffic analysis to uncover CIA torture flights. “Point out the obvious, get raided by the FBI” (October 29, 2006) Chris Soghoian gets raided by the FBI after putting up a web page that allows generation of Northwest Airlines boarding passes. “Electronic voting machines in Florida having problems in early voting” (October 31, 2006) A report on voting machines registering votes for the wrong candidate due to touch screen calibration issues. “The Two Faces of Diebold” (November 5, 2006) The difference between the public and private versions of SAIC’s report on Diebold voting machine vulnerabilities. “FBI eavesdropping via cell phones and OnStar” (December 4, 2006) Reports of vulnerabilities in newer cell phones that allow them to be used as listening devices even when powered off. “Time to Stop Using Microsoft Word” (December 7, 2006) New unpatched malicious code execution vulnerability in most versions of Word. “Staffer for Congressman tries to hire hacker to change grades” (December 22, 2006) Todd Shriber’s failed attempt to retroactively improve his college career. “My bank is on the ball” (January 6, 2007) My bank prevents theft of my money. “Skeptical information and security information links” (January 23, 2007) Promotion of my security links and skeptical links sites. “Schoolteacher convicted on bogus charges due to malware” (February 4, 2007) Connecticut teacher Julie Amero successfully prosecuted for showing porn to kids, when in fact it was the result of malware on a machine the school district refused to pay for antivirus software on. “McCain proposes an unfunded mandate for ISPs” (February 7, 2007) McCain sponsors a bill to force ISPs to scan all traffic for and report child porn images they find. “Warner Music: We’d rather go out of business than give customers what they want” (February 9, 2007) Warner Music says no way to DRM-free music. “The economics of information security” (February 13, 2007) Ross Anderson and Tyler Moore paper on the economics of infosec. “How IPv6 is already creating security problems” (February 19, 2007) Apple AirPort allows bypass of firewall rules via IPv6. “Windows, Mac, and BSD Security” (March 8, 2007) Amusing video parody comparing the OSes. “Bob Hagen on botnet evolution” (March 9, 2007) My former colleague on trends in botnets. “The rsync.net warrant canary” (March 25, 2007) How rsync.net will communicate whether it receives a National Security Letter without breaking the law. “FBI focus on counterterrorism leads to increase in unprosecuted fraud and identity theft” (April 11, 2007) The law of unintended consequences strikes again. “Banning the distribution of AACS keys is futile” (May 3, 2007) You can’t stop the communication of a 128-bit number as though it’s proprietary. “CALEA compliance day” (May 14, 2007) Commemoration of the day that VoIP providers have to be CALEA-compliant. “Spying on the homefront” (May 14, 2007) PBS Frontline on FBI misuse of National Security Letters and NSA eavesdropping. “The bots of summer” (June 6, 2007) Report on some media coverage of my botnet interview with the Security Catalyst from 2006. “Microsoft’s new Turing Test” (June 12, 2007) It’s not often I get to combine animal rescue and information security topics, but this is one–using animal pictures to authenticate. “Operation Bot Roast” (June 14, 2007) FBI prosecution of some botnet people. “Google thinks I’m malware” (July 13, 2007) Google stops returning results to me in some cases because my behavior looks like malware activity. “Asking printer manufacturers to stop spying results in Secret Service visit?" (July 14, 2007) MIT Media Lab project to get people to complain to printer manufacturers about their secret coding of serial numbers, which got one person a visit from the USSS. “A marketplace for software vulnerabilities” (July 29, 2007) WabiSabiLabi’s abortive attempt to create a market for the sale and purchase of vulnerability information. “Another Sony rootkit” (September 5, 2007) F-Secure finds another Sony product that installs a rootkit–the Sony MicroVault USM-F memory stick (now off the market). “Anti-P2P company suffers major security breach” (September 16, 2007) Media Defender gets hacked. “Microsoft updates Windows XP and Vista without user permission or notification” (September 17, 2007) Nine executables get pushed to everybody even if Windows update is turned off–except for corporate SMS users. “Lessons for information security from Multics” (September 19, 2007) Paul Karger and Roger Schell’s paper on Multics gets attention from Bruce Schneier. “Hacker finds vulnerability in Adobe Reader” (September 24, 2007) The era of attacks on applications rather than OS’s gets a boost. “Break-in at CI Host colo facility” (November 4, 2007) The role of physical security for websites. “Spammers and criminals for Ron Paul” (November 6, 2007) Botnets used to send spam promoting Ron Paul. “Macintosh security lags behind Windows and BSD” (November 8, 2007) Rundown on new Mac security features, some of which are negative in effect. “Multics source code released” (November 13, 2007) Multics becomes open source. “Untraceable looks unwatchable” (December 18, 2007) A post that generated a huge amount of response, about the Diane Lane movie that flopped at the box office, before it came out. “Notorious major spammer indicted” (January 3, 2008) Alan Ralsky may actually get what he deserves. “Boeing 787 potentially vulnerable to passenger software-based hijacking” (January 8, 2008) Passenger Internet access for the Boeing 787 is physically connected to the network for communication and navigation. "‘Anonymous’ launches ‘war’ against Scientology” (January 22, 2008) Denial of service attacks and other pranks against Scientology. “Tinfoil hat brigade generates fear about Infragard” (February 8, 2008) Response to Matt Rothschild’s article in The Progressive claiming that InfraGard members have the right to “shoot to kill” when martial law is declared. “FBI responds to ‘shoot to kill’ claims about InfraGard” (February 15, 2008) Commentary and link to the FBI’s response to Rothschild. “Malware in digital photo frames” (February 17, 2008) Viruses in unusual digital storage locations. “Canada busts 17 in botnet ring” (February 21, 2008) News about law enforcement action against criminals in Canada. “More InfraGard FUD and misinformation” (February 23, 2008) Response to Gary Barnett’s InfraGard article at the Future of Freedom Foundation website. “New Mexico InfraGard conference” (February 24, 2008) Summary of the New Mexico InfraGard’s “Dollar-Gard 2008” conference. “Pakistan takes out YouTube, gets taken out in return” (February 25, 2008) Yesterday’s events of political and/or religious censorship gone awry in Pakistan. “Jeremy Jaynes loses appeal on spamming case” (March 1, 2008) The Virginia Supreme Court upholds Virginia’s anti-spam law. “Software awards scam” (March 25, 2008) Many software download sites give out bogus awards. “Scammers scamming scammers” (April 7, 2008) Marco Cova looks at what some phishing kits really do. “Bad military botnet proposal” (May 13, 2008) A response to Col. Charles Williamson’s proposal to build a military botnet. “MediaDefender launches denial of service attack against Revision3” (May 29, 2008) Anti-P2P piracy firm crosses the line and attacks a legitimate company. “San Francisco’s city network held hostage” (July 19, 2008) Some actual facts behind the hyped charges against the city’s network administrator. “Did Diebold tamper with Georgia’s 2002 elections?" (July 20, 2008) Some troubling information about Diebold’s last-minute patching on Georgia election machines. “Expert tells China visitors to encrypt data as U.S. announces policy of laptop seizure” (August 1, 2008) Concerns about privacy in both China and the U.S. “Military botnets article” (August 28, 2008) Peter Buxbaum’s article on “Battling Botnets” in Military Information Technology magazine. “Virginia Supreme Court strikes down anti-spam law” (September 12, 2008) Julian Jaynes goes free as Virginia’s anti-spam law goes away. “Sarah Palin’s Yahoo account hacked” (September 17, 2008) Palin’s Yahoo account is hacked, and the contents published. “TSA airport security is a waste of time and money” (October 18, 2008) Link to Jeffrey Goldberg’s article in The Atlantic. “Behind the scenes during the election process” (November 6, 2008) Both major party presidential nominees suffered computer compromises. “White House may be forced to recover ’lost’ emails” (November 14, 2008) Lawsuit may require recovery from backups. “Criminal activity by air marshals” (November 14, 2008) Multiple cases. “PATRIOT Act NSL gag order unconstitutional” (December 19, 2008) Recipients of National Security Letters now can’t be gagged without court order. “The U.S. Nazi dirty bomb plot” (March 15, 2009) A little-covered story about a real terrorist plot. “The Cybersecurity Act of 2009” (April 4, 2009) It’s not as bad as it appears. “Tracking cyberspies through the web wilderness” (May 12, 2009) How University of Toronto researchers have tracked online spying activity. “Bad military botnet proposal still being pushed” (June 26, 2009) Col. Williamson’s proposal to build an offensive U.S. military botnet is still being promoted by him. “DHS still a mess, five years on” (July 16, 2009) Center for Public Integrity review of DHS. “How Twitter got compromised” (July 23, 2009) TechCrunch gives the anatomy of the attack on Twitter.

June 10, 2006 · 10 min

Jerry Falwell's cat-killing story

This story got some coverage a little over a year ago when Ian Frazier quoted this passage from Jerry Falwell’s autobiography in a humor piece in The New Yorker and Jonathan Schwarz covered it in his blog. I found it so twisted that I had to validate its reality by purchasing a used copy of Falwell’s book on Amazon.com Marketplace (for about $0.50). I think it’s worth bringing up again now that Sen. John McCain has agreed to give a commencement address at Falwell’s Liberty University ("crazy base world"), since it shows Falwell’s lack of empathy–I think the attribute “bordered on” here is not cruelty but sociopathy. From Strength for the Journey: An Autobiography by Jerry Falwell (1987, Simon and Schuster), pp. 49-50: There were times that Dad’s pranks bordered on cruelty. One of his oil company workers, a one-legged man he nicknamed “Crip” Smith, complained about everything. Dad and Crip’s co-workers got tired of the old man’s bellyaching and decided to take revenge. One morning Crip called in sick and Dad volunteered to send by lunch to his grateful but suspicious employee. Dad and his chums caught Crip’s old black tomcat, killed it, skinned it, and cooked it in the kitchen of one of Dad’s little restaurants. They called it squirrel meat and delivered it to Crip on a linen-covered tray. When Crip returned to work the next morning, Dad and his co-conspirators asked him how he liked his meal. They knew he would complain even about a free home-cooked lunch, and when Crip called it “the toughest squirrel meat” he had ever eaten, they were glad to tell him why.This story immediately follows another story in which Falwell invites his young friend William from the neighborhood, who is afraid of his father, into the house for milk and cookies, after telling his father that William is afraid (p. 49): William hesitated at the door. He knew my father carried a gun, and there were too many stories circulating about that gun to leave William feeling easy about entering our home. Quickly I pushed my friend inside and closed the door behind us. Dad was sitting at the kitchen table reading a newspaper. Suddenly he looked directly at us and shouted. “Both of you, stop!” William froze in his tracks, and I leaned forward eagerly to see what Dad was up to. William’s eyes opened wide as Dad drew his gun and pointed it at the floor just in front of my friend’s trembling legs. “Don’t move,” he said quietly. Then he took careful aim and pulled the trigger. The shot from the .38 Remington pistol blew a fairly impressive hole in the kitchen floor. Calmly, Dad blew smoke from the barrel and placed the pistol back on the table. “I’ve been trying to get that fly all day,” he said, looking back down at his paper. “And finally I got it." There was a moment of silence. Then, with a gasp, William bolted out the door. I never got him back inside our house again, and the legend about my father continued to spread throughout the neighborhood. Later Dad and I laughed ourselves hoarse just remembering William’s startled look and sudden exit.For additional context, Falwell reports that his father killed his own brother with a shotgun (in self-defense, pp. 22-24), and attributes part of his father’s problem to the fact that “After all, Dad grew up in the home of an atheist” (p. 17), even though he had a Christian mother. His book says that his father had a deathbed conversion to Christianity (p. 83). ...

April 8, 2006 · 4 min

Dirty Politician: John McCain

John McCain hired Terry Nelson as a senior advisor. Nelson was deeply involved in Tom DeLay’s money laundering of corporate contributions scandal, but the mainstream media was lax about even asking McCain questions about this issue until after a Seattle radio show caller asked him about it: CALLER: Thanks, I had a question for the senator. For a reformer, I’m kind of curious why he would hire a guy like Terry Nelson as a senior advisor. Here’s a guy who was actually in the indictment of DeLay on his money laundering charges. When he was at the RNC, he agreed to take the corporate contributions from DeLay’s PAC and then recycle them back into the Republican congressional races. And he was also, this guy Nelson was also the supervisor of James Tobin, who was the guy convicted last year for helping jam the Democratic get-out-the-vote lines in New England a couple years ago. ...

March 24, 2006 · 2 min

Congress approves renewal of expiring PATRIOT Act provisions

After months of wrangling, Congress has approved the renewal the 16 expiring provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act by making 14 of them permanent and extending the other two by four years. The renewal also includes things like fighting methamphetamine abuse. This version of the bill is the last one passed by the House on December 14 of last year, so none of the delay accomplished anything to improve it. A few reforms were included–libraries can’t be subpoenaed without a court approval, recipients of subpoenas don’t have to provide the names of their attorneys, and individuals subject to gag orders can challenge the orders–after waiting a year. The Senate is considering passing an additional requirement that targets of “sneak-and-peek” searches be notified within seven days. The bill, HR 3199, the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act, was passed by an 89-10 vote in the Senate. Both of Arizona’s Senators, Kyl and McCain, voted in favor of it. The ten no votes were from Sens. Akaka (D-HI), Bingaman (D-NM), Byrd (D-WV), Feingold (D-WI), Harkin (D-IA), Jeffords (I-VT), Leahy (D-VT), Levin (D-MI), Murray (D-WA), and Wyden (D-WA). Sen. Inouye (D-HI) did not vote. The House passed the bill on December 14, 2005 with a 251-174 vote, the details of which are here. Arizona’s Representatives voted along party lines: For: Flake (R-6th), Franks (R-2nd), Hayworth (R-5th), Kolbe (R-8th), Renzi (R-1st), Shadegg (R-3rd), Against: Grijalva (D-7th), Pastor (D-4th).

March 3, 2006 · 2 min

Standards on evidence obtained by torture

In the UK, the Law Lords ruled early this month that evidence obtained by torture is inadmissible in court, including evidence obtained by foreign governments (such as the United States) through the use of torture–and the burden of proof that the evidence was not obtained by torture falls upon the government. Lord Bingham stated, “The English common law has regarded torture and its fruits with abhorrence for over 500 years … I am startled, even a little dismayed, at the suggestion…that this deeply rooted tradition and an international obligation solemnly and explicitly undertaken can be overridden by a statute.” The panel of seven judges was unanimous in its ruling that the evidence of torture was inadmissible, but divided on the standard the government must overcome to demonstrate the evidence was not admitted by torture once a defendant produces a “plausible reason” to think that it was. Three of the judges (including Lord Bingham) argued for a standard that the government show “no real risk” of basis on torture, the other four that the government show it “on the balance of probabilities." In the United States, President Bush and Vice President Cheney have argued strongly against any restrictions on the use of torture by the United States, while at the same time claiming that the United States does not use torture. While Bush has recently and reluctantly agreed to support the McCain amendment on torture, that amendment states that “No person in the custody or under the effective control of the Department of Defense or under detention in a Department of Defense facility shall be subject to any treatment or technique of interrogation not authorized by and listed in the United States Army Field Manual on Intelligence Interrogation.” Ten classified pages have just been added to that manual, leading some to suggest that this has created a way around the McCain amendment. Fortunately, however, the McCain amendment goes on to say that “No individual in the custody or under the physical control of the United States Government, regardless of nationality or physical location, shall be subject to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.” It defines “cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment” as “the cruel, unusual, and inhumane treatment or punishment prohibited by the Fifth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States, as defined in the United States Reservations, Declarations and Understandings to the United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Forms of Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment done at New York, December 10, 1984." But there seems little question that Bush and Cheney want to push the limits as far as they possibly can.

December 23, 2005 · 3 min

And some good news: the PATRIOT Act reauthorization has failed

The Senate roll call vote is here. Unless a reauthorization passes, various provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act set to expire after three years will expire on December 31, 2005. These provisions include roving wiretaps, the ability to obtain certain kinds of business records without a court order, expansion of wiretap capabilities, certain kinds of sharing between agencies of information obtained via wiretap, etc. The specific details of what was in the Senate bill and the corresponding House bill may be found here (PDF). Some of the pieces of these bills were beneficial, e.g., placing a sunset provision on the use of National Security Letters, which predated USA PATRIOT and which do not currently have an expiration date. Others extended provisions due to sunset on December 31, 2005 to 2006 or later years. (The ACLU has a lawsuit against the constitutionality of National Security Letters.) The vote was 52-47; 60 votes were needed to end the filibuster. 2 Democrats and 50 Republicans voted yes, 41 Democrats, 5 Republicans, and one independent voted no. Arizona: McCain and Kyl both voted yes. UPDATE (March 25, 2007): The link for the ACLU’s lawsuit on National Security Letters is stale, you can now find that information here. ...

December 16, 2005 · 3 min
Mastodon Verification